June 9, 2015

Mathematics in War



                                       Mathematics and WAR


 You must be thinking how is it possible to apply Mathematics in War; but it is no wonder that mathematics and its application had been in use in the war. A 1800BC clay tablet of Babylonian culture deal with siege computation: the number of bricks needed for siege ramps, the volume of earth to be dug etc. During the siege of Syracuse Archimedes demonstrated his command of full geometry of 3- dimensions translations and rotations.


                                                Archimedes Burning Mirror


Plutarch writes-

When Archemides began to ply his engines, he at once shot against the land forces all sorts of missiles, weapons and immense masses of stone that came down with incredible noise and violence against which no man could stand; for they knocked down those upon whom they fell in heaps, breaking all their ranks and files

Archimedes had invented many machines which were used as engines of war. They were effective in the defense of Syracuse when it was attacked by the Romans. During the Roman siege of Syracuse, Archimedes single handedly defended the city y constructing the lenses to focus the sun’s light on the Roman ship and huge cranes to turn them upside down.

Taratgalia (? 1500-1557) was the first man to apply mathematics in the artillery. He abandoned the concept of a piecewise linear trajectory given by Aristotle and developed a new concept while giving the rules for the art of bombardier. In his book Nova Scientia he described the new ballistic method and instruments including the first firing tables.

During World War II the military management in England called on a team of scientists to study the strategic and tactical problems of air and land defense. The objective of the team was to find out the most effective allocation of limited military resources to the various military operations and to the activities within each operation. The success of this operation gave birth to a new branch of mathematics called Operation Research.
                            A variety of mathematical algorithms are implemented in modern terminal guidance system for missiles and bombs. Signal Processing, uses of virtual reality visualization technique, laser guidance by Fourier optics, Global Positioning System are the few use of mathematics in military operation.

In 1939, John Desmond Bernal wrote:-Science and warfare have always been most closely linked: in fact, except for a certain portion of the nineteenth centaury it may be fairly claimed that the majority of significant technical and scientific advances owe their origin directly to military or naval requirement.

The sophisticated missiles used by USA in Iraq war and even to kill Osama bin Laden in Pakistan were highly based on mathematical principles.


RAJESH KUMAR THAKUR
rkthakur1974@gmail.com


1 comment:

Rashmi Kathuria said...

Very interesting blog post. Thanks for sharing.